mardi 8 décembre 2020
mardi 1 décembre 2020
vendredi 22 janvier 2016
dimanche 25 janvier 2015
Rome history speaks
Rome history speaks
Rome (Italian: Roma) English (rome) is the capital of Italy and its largest city. Located in the center of the State of Italy on the banks of the River Alteverh and a population of about 2,555,000 people. Rome is the capital of the province about 3615972 people, and also the capital of the Lazio region around 5.27 million. Ratio was named to the Romans. The city was the capital of the ancient Romanian Empire and became the capital of modern Italy since 1871, is the capital of the province of Latium and the administrative division of Rome.
For several centuries, called the eternal city of Rome, earned the title of being one of the most important and greatest cities in Western civilization, it was the capital of the Romanian Empire, and is now the spiritual heart Romanian Catholic Church. Since 1871 is the capital of united Italy
Located Vatican City State, the smallest country in the world, within the boundaries of the city of Rome. UNESCO added the old city center of Rome and the Church of St. Peter and the Vatican City to the World Heritage List. Take all of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the World Food Programme of the city-based firm.
Contents [hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Site
1.2 political division
1.3 Climate
2 economy
3 History
3.1 Ancient History
3.2 Middle Ages
3.3 the capital of Italy
3.4 Rome today
Four sister cities
5 sources
6 See also
[Edit] Geography
[Edit] Site
A general view of Rome, in the foreground appear Vatican Museums
The Alabrose]] in the east of the city, in the north-eastern mountains located in the south dairy Sabine Mountains. The city is located in the basin of the Tiber, which is going through each of the Tiber River and Oninh united before entering Rome. For the latitude and longitude, the Rome located on 41.53 degrees longitude and 12.29 degrees east line. Called rural area which contains Rome Pkambanea Romana or abbreviated "Campania". Rome Province defiance of both the North and the Province of Viterbo Province Rieti, from the Middle Province of L'Aquila in the state of Abruzzo, from the south Frosannouna Province and Latina.
[Edit] political division
Map of the city with the names of the most important areas
Rome is divided into 19 municipalities and 155 area. Municipalities make up the city's outskirts. The introduction of the division of the 19 municipalities only since the nineties of the previous century. They were in the past 20 municipalities, but was separated from the municipality of Fiumicino city to become an independent city administratively. The outskirts of Rome numbered Romanian figures to denote the history of ancient Rome:
North-East (Area Nord-Est): Municipalities I, III, V, XVII
North-West (Area Nord-Ovest): Municipalities II, IV, XVI, XVIII, XIX, XX
South-West (Area Sud-Ovest): Municipalities XII, XIII, XV
South-East (Area Sud-Est): Municipalities VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni is who was elected for the second time on 28 May / May 2006 Pencah 61% of the vote. [1]
[Edit] Climate
Rome's climate is influenced by the location of the city near the Mediterranean Sea. The average temperature throughout the year, amounting to 15.5 degrees Celsius, while the precipitation 880 Malmitr rate. July and August months / August are the months of the year more heat with temperature ranges rate of 24.5 and 24.7 degrees Celsius. These past two months is also more driest months of the year increased by the amount of rainfall: between 14 and 22 millimeters. October / October months to December / December are the months of the year increased by more rainfall, where the rate is between 106 to 128 millimeters. The coldest month is January, the temperature at a rate of 6.9 ° C.
[Edit] Economy
After World War II, Rome has developed a broad base of industries, traditional products such as textiles, tourism souvenir equipped with printed materials, sophisticated fashion industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, paper and metal products industry. In addition to a very important film industry.
Rome is a central focal point in the railway system in Italy, which is linked to the highway in many parts of the country, and is Leonardo da Vinci International Airport, located near the sea coast, one of the most busiest airports in Europe, which is also served by a network of subway.
[Edit] History
[Edit] Ancient History
Legend has it that Rome was founded by Romulus, with the help of his brother Ramos, who was the mother is Rhea Silvia priest in the temple of God Vista God burner On the day when you were going to the orchard in March God appeared to her in the form of human and raped her was of the hypotheses that the priestesses of the temple virgins jailing and put the two children in a box and threw into the river until the fund settled on the beach Frathma lupus were laid Varedathma. Killed his brother and became the first king of the city. Romania was formed ancient peoples in the eighth or ninth century BC, when northern tribes came to the depth of the Italian peninsula to settle at the Tiber River. For several centuries, over time, Rome was the most important city in the Western world, when it was the capital of the Romanian Empire. With the advent and spread of Christian vocation, Rome became the center of the Christian religion and the headquarters of the Popes of the Catholic Church. In the Middle Ages, especially after the decline of the Romanian Empire, Rome entered a dark era. Brighten the star again in the Renaissance and became one of the artists and writers through the political capital of Italy for Europe.
[Edit] Middle Ages
Earned Rome, which had a population of only 20,000 people, the meaning of a new era since Pippen as the capital of the State of ecclesiastical (Patrimonium Petri) and has become the most important destination for Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem side and Santiago de Compostela. Carl crowned grand in 800 on top of the sacred Romanian Empire at the hands of Pope Leo III. Between 843 and 849 Muslims failed attempts to open the area.
[Edit] the capital of Italy
After the demise of Rome became the capital of the new Italy Alknysah State in 1871. Mussolini ended during the wisdom of the state association of religion and the separation of the Vatican City politically Rome announced Astqalalha Allatirnah agreements in 1929. After the end of World War II left the country, the king of Italy and the Republic announced in 1946. The games were held summer Olympics in Rome in 1960.
[Edit] Rome today
Most large construction in the city, which has been built in the outer suburbs, such as the EUR area Blazo Dell Avoro (work Palace). Allows a narrow construction within the center of Rome, for fear of exposure to the effects of the old city. Now conducting massive excavations in the old field area (where the runway Colosseum). In general, the impact of the city's history to clear building. Also, any project to develop or expand an important building in the city is facing opposition, for example, faced a liquidator building cars under St. Peter's Square in 2000, strongly opposed the project. Therefore, unlike other major European cities, the underground rail network (Metro) are very modest compared with their counterparts in Europe. Metro Line No. 3 has not been completed so today for this reason. Preservation of old Rome pattern negatively impact on the outer suburbs of the city, has allowed construction at random times after the end of World War II, which produced a picture of constructivism is beautiful in these areas. The presence of a large number of churches in the city center and the high expenses of maintaining them make the building and take care of other new churches in the suburbs difficult to achieve. "Public baths for all the" old neglected project, which does not exist in reality today. Rome put a little improvement after the political election Rutelli of the Green Party in the nineties of the previous century. Under the jurisdiction of the Pope John Paul II lived the city Bharin largest communities in its history. The first was at the Mass, which was held during the World Youth Day events, which was attended by about two million people. He also participated between three to four million people at his funeral on April 8 / April 2005.
[Edit] sister cities
There are eight cities has sister with Rome:
Beijing, China
New York, United States
Paris, France
SEOUL, South Korea
Tokyo, Japan
Cincinnati, United States
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Belgrade, Serbia
Rome (Italian: Roma) English (rome) is the capital of Italy and its largest city. Located in the center of the State of Italy on the banks of the River Alteverh and a population of about 2,555,000 people. Rome is the capital of the province about 3615972 people, and also the capital of the Lazio region around 5.27 million. Ratio was named to the Romans. The city was the capital of the ancient Romanian Empire and became the capital of modern Italy since 1871, is the capital of the province of Latium and the administrative division of Rome.
For several centuries, called the eternal city of Rome, earned the title of being one of the most important and greatest cities in Western civilization, it was the capital of the Romanian Empire, and is now the spiritual heart Romanian Catholic Church. Since 1871 is the capital of united Italy
Located Vatican City State, the smallest country in the world, within the boundaries of the city of Rome. UNESCO added the old city center of Rome and the Church of St. Peter and the Vatican City to the World Heritage List. Take all of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the World Food Programme of the city-based firm.
Contents [hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Site
1.2 political division
1.3 Climate
2 economy
3 History
3.1 Ancient History
3.2 Middle Ages
3.3 the capital of Italy
3.4 Rome today
Four sister cities
5 sources
6 See also
[Edit] Geography
[Edit] Site
A general view of Rome, in the foreground appear Vatican Museums
The Alabrose]] in the east of the city, in the north-eastern mountains located in the south dairy Sabine Mountains. The city is located in the basin of the Tiber, which is going through each of the Tiber River and Oninh united before entering Rome. For the latitude and longitude, the Rome located on 41.53 degrees longitude and 12.29 degrees east line. Called rural area which contains Rome Pkambanea Romana or abbreviated "Campania". Rome Province defiance of both the North and the Province of Viterbo Province Rieti, from the Middle Province of L'Aquila in the state of Abruzzo, from the south Frosannouna Province and Latina.
[Edit] political division
Map of the city with the names of the most important areas
Rome is divided into 19 municipalities and 155 area. Municipalities make up the city's outskirts. The introduction of the division of the 19 municipalities only since the nineties of the previous century. They were in the past 20 municipalities, but was separated from the municipality of Fiumicino city to become an independent city administratively. The outskirts of Rome numbered Romanian figures to denote the history of ancient Rome:
North-East (Area Nord-Est): Municipalities I, III, V, XVII
North-West (Area Nord-Ovest): Municipalities II, IV, XVI, XVIII, XIX, XX
South-West (Area Sud-Ovest): Municipalities XII, XIII, XV
South-East (Area Sud-Est): Municipalities VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni is who was elected for the second time on 28 May / May 2006 Pencah 61% of the vote. [1]
[Edit] Climate
Rome's climate is influenced by the location of the city near the Mediterranean Sea. The average temperature throughout the year, amounting to 15.5 degrees Celsius, while the precipitation 880 Malmitr rate. July and August months / August are the months of the year more heat with temperature ranges rate of 24.5 and 24.7 degrees Celsius. These past two months is also more driest months of the year increased by the amount of rainfall: between 14 and 22 millimeters. October / October months to December / December are the months of the year increased by more rainfall, where the rate is between 106 to 128 millimeters. The coldest month is January, the temperature at a rate of 6.9 ° C.
[Edit] Economy
After World War II, Rome has developed a broad base of industries, traditional products such as textiles, tourism souvenir equipped with printed materials, sophisticated fashion industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, paper and metal products industry. In addition to a very important film industry.
Rome is a central focal point in the railway system in Italy, which is linked to the highway in many parts of the country, and is Leonardo da Vinci International Airport, located near the sea coast, one of the most busiest airports in Europe, which is also served by a network of subway.
[Edit] History
[Edit] Ancient History
Legend has it that Rome was founded by Romulus, with the help of his brother Ramos, who was the mother is Rhea Silvia priest in the temple of God Vista God burner On the day when you were going to the orchard in March God appeared to her in the form of human and raped her was of the hypotheses that the priestesses of the temple virgins jailing and put the two children in a box and threw into the river until the fund settled on the beach Frathma lupus were laid Varedathma. Killed his brother and became the first king of the city. Romania was formed ancient peoples in the eighth or ninth century BC, when northern tribes came to the depth of the Italian peninsula to settle at the Tiber River. For several centuries, over time, Rome was the most important city in the Western world, when it was the capital of the Romanian Empire. With the advent and spread of Christian vocation, Rome became the center of the Christian religion and the headquarters of the Popes of the Catholic Church. In the Middle Ages, especially after the decline of the Romanian Empire, Rome entered a dark era. Brighten the star again in the Renaissance and became one of the artists and writers through the political capital of Italy for Europe.
[Edit] Middle Ages
Earned Rome, which had a population of only 20,000 people, the meaning of a new era since Pippen as the capital of the State of ecclesiastical (Patrimonium Petri) and has become the most important destination for Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem side and Santiago de Compostela. Carl crowned grand in 800 on top of the sacred Romanian Empire at the hands of Pope Leo III. Between 843 and 849 Muslims failed attempts to open the area.
[Edit] the capital of Italy
After the demise of Rome became the capital of the new Italy Alknysah State in 1871. Mussolini ended during the wisdom of the state association of religion and the separation of the Vatican City politically Rome announced Astqalalha Allatirnah agreements in 1929. After the end of World War II left the country, the king of Italy and the Republic announced in 1946. The games were held summer Olympics in Rome in 1960.
[Edit] Rome today
Most large construction in the city, which has been built in the outer suburbs, such as the EUR area Blazo Dell Avoro (work Palace). Allows a narrow construction within the center of Rome, for fear of exposure to the effects of the old city. Now conducting massive excavations in the old field area (where the runway Colosseum). In general, the impact of the city's history to clear building. Also, any project to develop or expand an important building in the city is facing opposition, for example, faced a liquidator building cars under St. Peter's Square in 2000, strongly opposed the project. Therefore, unlike other major European cities, the underground rail network (Metro) are very modest compared with their counterparts in Europe. Metro Line No. 3 has not been completed so today for this reason. Preservation of old Rome pattern negatively impact on the outer suburbs of the city, has allowed construction at random times after the end of World War II, which produced a picture of constructivism is beautiful in these areas. The presence of a large number of churches in the city center and the high expenses of maintaining them make the building and take care of other new churches in the suburbs difficult to achieve. "Public baths for all the" old neglected project, which does not exist in reality today. Rome put a little improvement after the political election Rutelli of the Green Party in the nineties of the previous century. Under the jurisdiction of the Pope John Paul II lived the city Bharin largest communities in its history. The first was at the Mass, which was held during the World Youth Day events, which was attended by about two million people. He also participated between three to four million people at his funeral on April 8 / April 2005.
[Edit] sister cities
There are eight cities has sister with Rome:
Beijing, China
New York, United States
Paris, France
SEOUL, South Korea
Tokyo, Japan
Cincinnati, United States
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Belgrade, Serbia
Tokyo wonderful
Tokyo wonderful
Tokyo (Japanese: 東京 means eastern capital) is the largest city in Japan, located on the eastern side of the largest of the four islands of Japan to the mainland - "Honshu" - and on the West Bank for "Tokyo Bay" and near the mouth of "Sumida" River. Japan's capital since 1868, is today the political, economic and cultural center of the country.
Occupies the city of Tokyo metropolitan area area of 600 km²; composed of 23 alive (in Japanese: 区 = ku), and a population in which 12 million people. If we take into account the urban conglomerates nearby, the Tokyo is the largest urban agglomeration in the world, extending the urban fabric where uninterrupted occupies an area of 10,000 km², and includes more than 30 million people, including many of the adjacent small towns and three cities large: "Yokohama", "Kawasaki" and "Chiba", located east of the whole "Tokyo".
Contents [hide]
1 history
1.1 antiquity
1.2 period shifts
1.3 modern period
2 City
2.1 Urbanism
2.2 heart of the city
2.3 modern biology
3 Communications
3.1 railways
3.2 wild lines
3.3 Airlines
4 economy
4.1 industries
4.2 port
4.3 Other Activities
5 Arts and Culture
5.1 Higher Education Institutes
5.2 Museums
5.3 festivals
5.4 Libraries
5.5 Entertainment
6 Sport
7 twinning
[Edit] History
[Edit] Antiquity
The settlement of the place occupied by the current city since "Jomon period", and then it became part of land ownership (of the emperor) during periods of "fire" and "Heian". The region fell during the Middle Ages in the hands of veterans coming from the neighboring eastern plains, these military government was established in the south, "Tokyo Bay": in a place called "Kamakura", it was at the end of the 12th century, and since that took the city her first name "Edo" which means "the Gulf port" (Tokyo Bay today).
[Edit] period shifts
The city became the capital of Japan since the beginning of the 17th century, and I knew during the prosperous era "Edo period", with a population of one million people reached in the next century (18 m). After the fall of Cogonyh system, and during the period of transformations (see: "Meiji Restoration") diminished the role of the city, in favor of "Kyoto" (capital of the empire). However, the court finally decided to transfer the capital to the "Edo", has been renamed to "Tokyo '(meaning east of the capital).
I took the city evolve and become one of the world's largest cities. During the beginnings of "Meiji period," I took the old city transformed, Vaandhant major companies, and the first universities in the country as the first known activities industries. Transform the appearance of the city in 1870, when held public lighting (The gas) in the streets, was the construction of the central station, the train to the city from which "Yokohama" It is there to other parts of the country. After the decimal (10 years) of time began tram lines invade the streets of the city, also embarked on the construction of new government buildings in "Kasumigaseki" neighborhood and the other to embrace the headquarters of large companies in "Maronoaoshi" neighborhood, completed most of these buildings with stone and according to Western charts, changed these transfers the face of the old city center, and then became its streets lit by electric lighting.
[Edit] Modern period
With the 20th century AD, "Tokyo" widened: be around Amrna dense texture, and took advantage of all the vacant spaces along the West Bank for "Tokyo Bay", and then took swallow new lands to the north and east. The city was destroyed several times: fires and earthquakes destroyed many of the neighborhoods, and then the great earthquake of 1923 came to more than half of the city's buildings. After-digit (20 years) caused air bombing campaigns during World War II in the deaths of more than 100,000 people and destroyed the entire fabric Omari over 100 km².
Has the rebuilding process at a rapid pace: axes new ways painted around the city; a special program for the construction of civil, governmental and administrative buildings, and the work was completed by 1964 with the start of the Olympic Games (in "Tokyo").
Hardly Business Workshops in "Tokyo" calm, because of shocks that have inflicted serious damage to its buildings, do not live more buildings for more than one generation of time. Began the old wooden houses, which used to be almost rebuilt every 20 years, vanishing, leaving their place to modern buildings, completed to withstand powerful earthquakes. I took the new buildings with modern architectural style takes its place in modern biology, these buildings defy Baaloha towering natural hazards, earthquakes, and some residents objected to the city because it obscured their vision of "Mount Fuji" sacred.
[Edit] City
[Edit] Urbanism
Tokyo is usually not renewed, and almost works which do not expire. Where officials did not adopt any of the urban plans, so it seems a diverse urban fabric, the city and show more grouping of small villages maintain their respective unique cryptographic, including a giant modern city. The major streets, which charted in the years 1950-1960 AD and modern buildings and the city's main interface, as is the old neighborhoods and small buildings, consisting of floor or two floors, temples, shrines and wooden buildings scattered across it. City offers its visitors a sight problem and is inconsistent mostly, where they coexist various architectural styles, materials and construction methods Almentoah. Unlike some Maiatkdh, parks and green spaces in "Tokyo" large and spacious, both in the city center or on the banks, "Sumida" River.
Skyscrapers in Shinjuku
[Edit] heart of the city
Alambrtora palace was occupied by the city, "Edo" is old, and this area is considered the heart of the historic city. Where abundant green spaces and brings the establishment of the headquarters of the imperial family in the middle, and attend the public to visit the place. To the south and west sides of lies "Kasumigaseki" district, which collects most of the official government bodies: Parliament, the residence of the Prime Minister, ministers and the Supreme Court.
To the east of the Imperial Palace located neighborhood "Maronoaucci", one of the major business centers in the city -ualblad-, which are located the headquarters of many of the major banking institutions. Followed to the east, "Ginza" neighborhood famous old was this neighborhood gathering place for wholesalers coming from the "Osaka", and today is the place preferred shopping for the people of the city, dotted with major shops, restaurants, cinemas and theaters, and is prevented vehicular traffic in it Sunday to limited traffic in the streets to pedestrians only.
After "Ginza" and to the north and east and the columns along "Sumida" River, stretching the old city neighborhoods (trachea), the neighborhood "Asakusa" Popular, which is famous for its narrow streets and winding and spread through shops artisans located, are active in this neighborhood manufactures trade for traditional, as is the Temple "Sinso" (or "Sinso G"), which is dedicated to the personal "Kannon," goddess of Mercy in Buddhism (according to Japanese tradition).
[Edit] modern biology
Modern biology has been building around the historic center of the city, formed mostly of residential and commercial complexes, and be together poles to collar rail line ("Samada San") Ocean City center:
"Akihabara" congregate in this neighborhood, hundreds of electrical and electronic equipment stores,
"Ueno" of residential neighborhoods and the university, located in the middle of a large park, where major museums are located in Tokyo,
"Aakepokoro": residential neighborhood, where there are the largest shopping mall in the world,
"Shinjuku": a new urban centers, which are located many of the skyscrapers, major companies and malls, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, and one hardly differentiate between a vibrant and its days, to Hautea.
The most important of the other neighborhoods, "Harajaco", "Shibuya" and "Shinagawa." Exist after these neighborhoods and suburbs where urbanization varies texture.
[Edit] Transportation
[Edit] railway lines
Metro Station (subway) in Ginza (Tokyo).
"Tokyo" has become since the "Meiji period," the center of railway lines in the country (the first line was extended in 1871 between the "Tokyo" and "Yokohama"), and reached the capital, almost all Japanese regions. The most important stations in the city: Tokyo (main station), "Ueno," "Aakepokoro", "Shinjuku" and "Shibuya", these stations connecting the city outskirts and form a belt (gasket) urban around, making it easier to access. These stations receive nearly two million (2) passengers daily. Used "commuter rail" to connect the cities located in the large urban for "Tokyo" assembly (major Tokyo) city center, extending these lines to 100 km² distance from the heart of the city. Some lines, which are addressed to a considerable distance is supported Pal "high-speed train" and the so-called "Shinkansen".
There are two companies that run in the Tokyo subway network is the Tokyo Metro and the Office of the transfer of the province of Tokyo.
[Edit] land lines
Saw the "Meiji period", the construction of the first public land lines in the capital. Trams remained until the sixties (20th century AD), the most important means of transport in the city. Later replaced by bus lines (bus) and the metro (subway) these lines. Since starting in the early construction of "Meiji period" line networks continued expansion and development, but the earthquake that hit the capital in 1923 and then the events of World War II, the great devastation inflicted. The government embarked on the establishment of new networks between the years 1950-1960 AD. The construction of several highways outstanding (on bridges), starts from the heart of the city towards the surrounding suburbs. However, despite the efforts that have been made recently to update these facilities, transportation remains a problem list, and suffer "Tokyo" of traffic congestion, the other major urban agglomerations in the world style.
[Edit] Airlines
"Tokyo" have two major airports in Japan: "Haneda Airport", located east of the city, serves domestic flights, and then "Narita International Airport", was Avtatha in 1978, is located east of Tokyo and is a distance of about 55 km.
[Edit] Economy
Bank of Japan.
[Edit] industries
Constitute "Tokyo" and collects Urban Financial pole, industrial and commercial to Japan. Industrial activities which vary: converting food, textile and clothing, heavy industry, high-tech (electronics, optics, imaging) machines, mechanical structures, automobiles, chemicals and others.
[Edit] port
The "Tokyo" port of relatively recent origin, and the city, "Yokohama" continued the Japan's biggest ports and even forties (from the 20th century) to play the role of the main port of the capital. Bay City is characterized by low level of the bottom, has had to shift a considerable amount of soil until he became possible in the second half of the 20th century, the establishment of new construction in the "Kawasaki", "Tokyo" and "Chiba". Is increasing day by day and the volume of shipments of cargo managed by the port, and most of them take part, to the domestic market. Of the most important products that are traded: food ration directed to the capital markets, especially fish ("Tsukiji" market).
[Edit] Other Activities
Many other activities are concentrated in the "Tokyo". Located where most government bodies, major local administrations, most banks largest Japanese companies and the headquarters. "Tokyo" occupies the first place in Japan in terms of the volume of trade exchanges, internal and external ones alike. Is an international financial center, and is considered "the Tokyo Stock Exchange," the second-largest stock exchange in the world after New York.
[Edit] Arts and Culture
[Edit] Higher Education Institutes
"Tokyo" occupies the first place at the national level in the fields of: research, education, and culture. The city has more than one-third (1/3) university institutes and carries about 45% of the total students in the country in which their studies. From hundreds of public and private universities that receive Japanese young people, some of them have a long history, as "the University of Tokyo sheet" (Japanese: 東京 大学 = Tōkyō Daigaku) and abbreviated Japanese name to "Todaúa" (東 大 = Tōdai) and founded in 1877, in addition to private universities, "Keio University" (founded 1868) and "Waseda University" (founded in 1882).
[Edit] Museums
"Tokyo" has a number of public and private museums. Embraces "Ueno" park several of them:
"Tokyo National Museum" (Tokyo kokuritsu hakubutsukan): the biggest museums in Japan, ensures masterpieces from other historical eras, it is estimated the number of exhibits B80.000,
Gallery "Horiuja" artistic treasures (Horyuji homotsukan): presents a rare antiques dating back to the 7th and 8th centuries AD,
"Old City Museum of tradition" (Shitamachi fuzoku shiryokan): It was the rebuilding of a street in the old neighborhood "traditional Asakusa"
"The National Museum of Western Art" (Kokuritsu seiyo bijutsukan): displays the work of some of the great artists of the likes of: "Renoir", "Manet", "Cezanne", "Auguste Rodin" and others.
The park also includes a "National Museum of Science" (Kokuritsu kagaku hakubutsukan): and "public zoo."
Among other many museums located in the "Tokyo": "The National Museum of Modern Art" (Tokyo kokuritsu kindai bijutsukan), Museum "Hatake-Yama" (Hatakeyama kinenkan), and displays paintings, ceramics and collectibles variety dedicated to the "ritual of tea", "folk Crafts Museum" (Nippon mingeikan), and displays a set of Staples back to "Edo period" placed in a house built in a traditional style, "Ota Museum" (Ota kinen bijutsukan), allocated to the Fee (print boldface) and finally a museum of "Sumo "(Sumo hakubutsukan).
[Edit] Festivals
"Tokyo" from the famous cultural and artistic Ptazahradtha global cities. The city has a lot of theaters, is displayed traditional theatrical cut of Japanese heritage, famous for "Shibuya" neighborhood Bmsarh "Nu", theaters abound as the "Kabuki" in "Ginza" neighborhood. Besides the National Theatre presented pieces of modern art theater. The city is famous teams orchestra, offering performances of contemporary and classical music, traditional and international. Basic festivals in Tokyo annually are Sano Festival, which takes place at Hie Shrine, the Sanja Matsuri, which is held at the shrine of Asakusa, and Kanda Matsuri.
[Edit] Libraries
Known for two of the city's neighborhoods heavily libraries (those that specializes in trade books) where: "Jeenbosco" and "Takadanopaba." National Library of Parliament near the Imperial Palace is located, as its environs National Archives building.
[Edit] Entertainment
Taking place annually on the last Saturday of July launch fireworks on the Sumida River, where he will attend the celebration of millions of visitors. In the spring, people go to see Alsackora (Cherry Blossom) in many of the parks, such as Ueno Park, Inokashira Park, or Shinjuku Gewen garden.
[Edit] Sport
There are clubs for baseball in Tokyo is a daily-Uri Jians (Tokyo Dome), and the Yakult Swallows (Meiji Jingu Stadium). The main office of the Sumo Japanese in Tokyo is also located in Ryōgoku Kokugikan where three duels take place annually for the Sumo. There are football teams FC Tokyo and Tokyo Verdy. Aloolbyh Tokyo hosted the Games in 1964, is currently seeking to get a chance to host the 2016 Olympic Games.
[Edit] twinning
Beijing, China.
Cairo, Egypt.
Paris, France.
New York, United States.
Jakarta, Indonesia.
Moscow, Russia.
Berlin, Germany.
Seoul, South Korea.
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Rome, Italy.
New South Wales, Australia.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Tokyo (Japanese: 東京 means eastern capital) is the largest city in Japan, located on the eastern side of the largest of the four islands of Japan to the mainland - "Honshu" - and on the West Bank for "Tokyo Bay" and near the mouth of "Sumida" River. Japan's capital since 1868, is today the political, economic and cultural center of the country.
Occupies the city of Tokyo metropolitan area area of 600 km²; composed of 23 alive (in Japanese: 区 = ku), and a population in which 12 million people. If we take into account the urban conglomerates nearby, the Tokyo is the largest urban agglomeration in the world, extending the urban fabric where uninterrupted occupies an area of 10,000 km², and includes more than 30 million people, including many of the adjacent small towns and three cities large: "Yokohama", "Kawasaki" and "Chiba", located east of the whole "Tokyo".
Contents [hide]
1 history
1.1 antiquity
1.2 period shifts
1.3 modern period
2 City
2.1 Urbanism
2.2 heart of the city
2.3 modern biology
3 Communications
3.1 railways
3.2 wild lines
3.3 Airlines
4 economy
4.1 industries
4.2 port
4.3 Other Activities
5 Arts and Culture
5.1 Higher Education Institutes
5.2 Museums
5.3 festivals
5.4 Libraries
5.5 Entertainment
6 Sport
7 twinning
[Edit] History
[Edit] Antiquity
The settlement of the place occupied by the current city since "Jomon period", and then it became part of land ownership (of the emperor) during periods of "fire" and "Heian". The region fell during the Middle Ages in the hands of veterans coming from the neighboring eastern plains, these military government was established in the south, "Tokyo Bay": in a place called "Kamakura", it was at the end of the 12th century, and since that took the city her first name "Edo" which means "the Gulf port" (Tokyo Bay today).
[Edit] period shifts
The city became the capital of Japan since the beginning of the 17th century, and I knew during the prosperous era "Edo period", with a population of one million people reached in the next century (18 m). After the fall of Cogonyh system, and during the period of transformations (see: "Meiji Restoration") diminished the role of the city, in favor of "Kyoto" (capital of the empire). However, the court finally decided to transfer the capital to the "Edo", has been renamed to "Tokyo '(meaning east of the capital).
I took the city evolve and become one of the world's largest cities. During the beginnings of "Meiji period," I took the old city transformed, Vaandhant major companies, and the first universities in the country as the first known activities industries. Transform the appearance of the city in 1870, when held public lighting (The gas) in the streets, was the construction of the central station, the train to the city from which "Yokohama" It is there to other parts of the country. After the decimal (10 years) of time began tram lines invade the streets of the city, also embarked on the construction of new government buildings in "Kasumigaseki" neighborhood and the other to embrace the headquarters of large companies in "Maronoaoshi" neighborhood, completed most of these buildings with stone and according to Western charts, changed these transfers the face of the old city center, and then became its streets lit by electric lighting.
[Edit] Modern period
With the 20th century AD, "Tokyo" widened: be around Amrna dense texture, and took advantage of all the vacant spaces along the West Bank for "Tokyo Bay", and then took swallow new lands to the north and east. The city was destroyed several times: fires and earthquakes destroyed many of the neighborhoods, and then the great earthquake of 1923 came to more than half of the city's buildings. After-digit (20 years) caused air bombing campaigns during World War II in the deaths of more than 100,000 people and destroyed the entire fabric Omari over 100 km².
Has the rebuilding process at a rapid pace: axes new ways painted around the city; a special program for the construction of civil, governmental and administrative buildings, and the work was completed by 1964 with the start of the Olympic Games (in "Tokyo").
Hardly Business Workshops in "Tokyo" calm, because of shocks that have inflicted serious damage to its buildings, do not live more buildings for more than one generation of time. Began the old wooden houses, which used to be almost rebuilt every 20 years, vanishing, leaving their place to modern buildings, completed to withstand powerful earthquakes. I took the new buildings with modern architectural style takes its place in modern biology, these buildings defy Baaloha towering natural hazards, earthquakes, and some residents objected to the city because it obscured their vision of "Mount Fuji" sacred.
[Edit] City
[Edit] Urbanism
Tokyo is usually not renewed, and almost works which do not expire. Where officials did not adopt any of the urban plans, so it seems a diverse urban fabric, the city and show more grouping of small villages maintain their respective unique cryptographic, including a giant modern city. The major streets, which charted in the years 1950-1960 AD and modern buildings and the city's main interface, as is the old neighborhoods and small buildings, consisting of floor or two floors, temples, shrines and wooden buildings scattered across it. City offers its visitors a sight problem and is inconsistent mostly, where they coexist various architectural styles, materials and construction methods Almentoah. Unlike some Maiatkdh, parks and green spaces in "Tokyo" large and spacious, both in the city center or on the banks, "Sumida" River.
Skyscrapers in Shinjuku
[Edit] heart of the city
Alambrtora palace was occupied by the city, "Edo" is old, and this area is considered the heart of the historic city. Where abundant green spaces and brings the establishment of the headquarters of the imperial family in the middle, and attend the public to visit the place. To the south and west sides of lies "Kasumigaseki" district, which collects most of the official government bodies: Parliament, the residence of the Prime Minister, ministers and the Supreme Court.
To the east of the Imperial Palace located neighborhood "Maronoaucci", one of the major business centers in the city -ualblad-, which are located the headquarters of many of the major banking institutions. Followed to the east, "Ginza" neighborhood famous old was this neighborhood gathering place for wholesalers coming from the "Osaka", and today is the place preferred shopping for the people of the city, dotted with major shops, restaurants, cinemas and theaters, and is prevented vehicular traffic in it Sunday to limited traffic in the streets to pedestrians only.
After "Ginza" and to the north and east and the columns along "Sumida" River, stretching the old city neighborhoods (trachea), the neighborhood "Asakusa" Popular, which is famous for its narrow streets and winding and spread through shops artisans located, are active in this neighborhood manufactures trade for traditional, as is the Temple "Sinso" (or "Sinso G"), which is dedicated to the personal "Kannon," goddess of Mercy in Buddhism (according to Japanese tradition).
[Edit] modern biology
Modern biology has been building around the historic center of the city, formed mostly of residential and commercial complexes, and be together poles to collar rail line ("Samada San") Ocean City center:
"Akihabara" congregate in this neighborhood, hundreds of electrical and electronic equipment stores,
"Ueno" of residential neighborhoods and the university, located in the middle of a large park, where major museums are located in Tokyo,
"Aakepokoro": residential neighborhood, where there are the largest shopping mall in the world,
"Shinjuku": a new urban centers, which are located many of the skyscrapers, major companies and malls, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, and one hardly differentiate between a vibrant and its days, to Hautea.
The most important of the other neighborhoods, "Harajaco", "Shibuya" and "Shinagawa." Exist after these neighborhoods and suburbs where urbanization varies texture.
[Edit] Transportation
[Edit] railway lines
Metro Station (subway) in Ginza (Tokyo).
"Tokyo" has become since the "Meiji period," the center of railway lines in the country (the first line was extended in 1871 between the "Tokyo" and "Yokohama"), and reached the capital, almost all Japanese regions. The most important stations in the city: Tokyo (main station), "Ueno," "Aakepokoro", "Shinjuku" and "Shibuya", these stations connecting the city outskirts and form a belt (gasket) urban around, making it easier to access. These stations receive nearly two million (2) passengers daily. Used "commuter rail" to connect the cities located in the large urban for "Tokyo" assembly (major Tokyo) city center, extending these lines to 100 km² distance from the heart of the city. Some lines, which are addressed to a considerable distance is supported Pal "high-speed train" and the so-called "Shinkansen".
There are two companies that run in the Tokyo subway network is the Tokyo Metro and the Office of the transfer of the province of Tokyo.
[Edit] land lines
Saw the "Meiji period", the construction of the first public land lines in the capital. Trams remained until the sixties (20th century AD), the most important means of transport in the city. Later replaced by bus lines (bus) and the metro (subway) these lines. Since starting in the early construction of "Meiji period" line networks continued expansion and development, but the earthquake that hit the capital in 1923 and then the events of World War II, the great devastation inflicted. The government embarked on the establishment of new networks between the years 1950-1960 AD. The construction of several highways outstanding (on bridges), starts from the heart of the city towards the surrounding suburbs. However, despite the efforts that have been made recently to update these facilities, transportation remains a problem list, and suffer "Tokyo" of traffic congestion, the other major urban agglomerations in the world style.
[Edit] Airlines
"Tokyo" have two major airports in Japan: "Haneda Airport", located east of the city, serves domestic flights, and then "Narita International Airport", was Avtatha in 1978, is located east of Tokyo and is a distance of about 55 km.
[Edit] Economy
Bank of Japan.
[Edit] industries
Constitute "Tokyo" and collects Urban Financial pole, industrial and commercial to Japan. Industrial activities which vary: converting food, textile and clothing, heavy industry, high-tech (electronics, optics, imaging) machines, mechanical structures, automobiles, chemicals and others.
[Edit] port
The "Tokyo" port of relatively recent origin, and the city, "Yokohama" continued the Japan's biggest ports and even forties (from the 20th century) to play the role of the main port of the capital. Bay City is characterized by low level of the bottom, has had to shift a considerable amount of soil until he became possible in the second half of the 20th century, the establishment of new construction in the "Kawasaki", "Tokyo" and "Chiba". Is increasing day by day and the volume of shipments of cargo managed by the port, and most of them take part, to the domestic market. Of the most important products that are traded: food ration directed to the capital markets, especially fish ("Tsukiji" market).
[Edit] Other Activities
Many other activities are concentrated in the "Tokyo". Located where most government bodies, major local administrations, most banks largest Japanese companies and the headquarters. "Tokyo" occupies the first place in Japan in terms of the volume of trade exchanges, internal and external ones alike. Is an international financial center, and is considered "the Tokyo Stock Exchange," the second-largest stock exchange in the world after New York.
[Edit] Arts and Culture
[Edit] Higher Education Institutes
"Tokyo" occupies the first place at the national level in the fields of: research, education, and culture. The city has more than one-third (1/3) university institutes and carries about 45% of the total students in the country in which their studies. From hundreds of public and private universities that receive Japanese young people, some of them have a long history, as "the University of Tokyo sheet" (Japanese: 東京 大学 = Tōkyō Daigaku) and abbreviated Japanese name to "Todaúa" (東 大 = Tōdai) and founded in 1877, in addition to private universities, "Keio University" (founded 1868) and "Waseda University" (founded in 1882).
[Edit] Museums
"Tokyo" has a number of public and private museums. Embraces "Ueno" park several of them:
"Tokyo National Museum" (Tokyo kokuritsu hakubutsukan): the biggest museums in Japan, ensures masterpieces from other historical eras, it is estimated the number of exhibits B80.000,
Gallery "Horiuja" artistic treasures (Horyuji homotsukan): presents a rare antiques dating back to the 7th and 8th centuries AD,
"Old City Museum of tradition" (Shitamachi fuzoku shiryokan): It was the rebuilding of a street in the old neighborhood "traditional Asakusa"
"The National Museum of Western Art" (Kokuritsu seiyo bijutsukan): displays the work of some of the great artists of the likes of: "Renoir", "Manet", "Cezanne", "Auguste Rodin" and others.
The park also includes a "National Museum of Science" (Kokuritsu kagaku hakubutsukan): and "public zoo."
Among other many museums located in the "Tokyo": "The National Museum of Modern Art" (Tokyo kokuritsu kindai bijutsukan), Museum "Hatake-Yama" (Hatakeyama kinenkan), and displays paintings, ceramics and collectibles variety dedicated to the "ritual of tea", "folk Crafts Museum" (Nippon mingeikan), and displays a set of Staples back to "Edo period" placed in a house built in a traditional style, "Ota Museum" (Ota kinen bijutsukan), allocated to the Fee (print boldface) and finally a museum of "Sumo "(Sumo hakubutsukan).
[Edit] Festivals
"Tokyo" from the famous cultural and artistic Ptazahradtha global cities. The city has a lot of theaters, is displayed traditional theatrical cut of Japanese heritage, famous for "Shibuya" neighborhood Bmsarh "Nu", theaters abound as the "Kabuki" in "Ginza" neighborhood. Besides the National Theatre presented pieces of modern art theater. The city is famous teams orchestra, offering performances of contemporary and classical music, traditional and international. Basic festivals in Tokyo annually are Sano Festival, which takes place at Hie Shrine, the Sanja Matsuri, which is held at the shrine of Asakusa, and Kanda Matsuri.
[Edit] Libraries
Known for two of the city's neighborhoods heavily libraries (those that specializes in trade books) where: "Jeenbosco" and "Takadanopaba." National Library of Parliament near the Imperial Palace is located, as its environs National Archives building.
[Edit] Entertainment
Taking place annually on the last Saturday of July launch fireworks on the Sumida River, where he will attend the celebration of millions of visitors. In the spring, people go to see Alsackora (Cherry Blossom) in many of the parks, such as Ueno Park, Inokashira Park, or Shinjuku Gewen garden.
[Edit] Sport
There are clubs for baseball in Tokyo is a daily-Uri Jians (Tokyo Dome), and the Yakult Swallows (Meiji Jingu Stadium). The main office of the Sumo Japanese in Tokyo is also located in Ryōgoku Kokugikan where three duels take place annually for the Sumo. There are football teams FC Tokyo and Tokyo Verdy. Aloolbyh Tokyo hosted the Games in 1964, is currently seeking to get a chance to host the 2016 Olympic Games.
[Edit] twinning
Beijing, China.
Cairo, Egypt.
Paris, France.
New York, United States.
Jakarta, Indonesia.
Moscow, Russia.
Berlin, Germany.
Seoul, South Korea.
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Rome, Italy.
New South Wales, Australia.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hong Kong, a country within a country
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China • (? \ Information) (Chinese: 中華人民共和國 香港特别行政區 = Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó xiānggǎng tèbié xíngzhèngqū) Ohong short Kong (Chinese: 香港 = Xiānggǎng = port fragrance): One of the special administrative regions Peoples Republic of China (Macau with the area). Although it is under Chinese sovereignty but they participate in international events under the independent name "Hong Kong, China."
Hong Kong include: "Hong Kong Island", "Kowloon", and the new land. Kowloon Peninsula associated with "new lands in the north. Relating to the new lands mainland territory via the" Chan Chun "River (Shenzhen River). The number of islands in Hong Kong's 236 islands, all located in the South China Sea, among these islands are considered" Lantau "The biggest, followed by" Hong Kong Island "and the latter is the first islands in terms of population.
The Hong Kong until 1997 a British crown colony, before restoring China. Under the central government with the slogan 'one country, two systems, two', Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy in governance. Work is still under way for the island's former legal system, supplemented retained local currency and customs system and others. For example, the island's population still continue to drive the car on the left side of the road. The central government in Beijing maintains over responsibility in national defense and diplomatic relations issues.
Contents [hide]
1 history
2 people
3 language and religions
4 mosques
5 Arts and Culture
6 Economy
7 Education
8 services and trade
9 See also
[Edit] History
Although the land known today has been settled since the period Alniulietakih, it was only in isolation from events that China has experienced during these periods.
United Kingdom occupied the "Hong Kong" during "the first Opium War" in 1841, then China has waived its right to the island under the "Agreement Nanjing." After the end of the "Second Opium War" Britain's got more concessions and more land ("Kowloon" and others). The latter since July 1, 1898 to lease many of the land called New Territories adjacent to the site for 99 years.
Empire of Japan invaded in December 8, 1941 Hong Kong, and occupied on December 25, after the defeat of the Canadian and British forces in the Battle of Hong Kong.
After the agreement between the People's Republic of China and the British government signed in December 1984, "Hong Kong has become since July 1, 1997 AD, known as" Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. "
[Edit] population
The estimated number of Hong Kong's population of about 6,800,000 people. Is the population density, which amounts to 6.771 n / km², one of the highest rates in the world. Facing a "Hong Kong" Today is a real problem: the population-enrollment.
Population growth in the last two years Alashrantan level dropped. The percentage of population increase of 2.7% (years 1975 to 1980 m) to 0.5% (year 1990-1995 AD), the fertility rate fell from 2.3 to 1.2 during the same period. Life expectancy is estimated B78.6 years among the highest in the world.
During the period of British sovereignty over the island, was the phenomenon of migration influential role on the demographics, immigrants reached the 40% share of the total population. China has been the primary source of immigrants, while the other came waves of East Asia (Vietnamese refugees) and the Philippines. The local government then set the number of immigrants that can take them B25.000 immigrants per year, but this number is reduced, starting from the year 1995.
As the date of receipt of the island China (1997), left the "Hong Kong" Many of the population (about 43,000 in 1995). To avoid worsening the situation the British authorities to tighten restrictions on citizens, have been reducing the number of allowed to stay on British soil. In 1996, after China and the Declaration of intention to resolve the local Legislative Council (after the retrieval of Hong Kong), more than 130,000 people apply for a British passport.
Chinese constitute about 97% of the population then Alahinod who remained of the soldiers who were serving in the British Army and the Pakistanis, constitute Alfilipnaon (150,000 mostly houses) service, and the British and the Americans and the minority of various other nationalities. More than 90% of Chinese born in Hong Kong, gave most of the rest of Guangdong Province (广东) nearby.
[Edit] language and religions
The official languages in the "Hong Kong" are: English, Chinese ancient classics; use the English language in the judicial and political spheres. Among the Chinese dialects, dominates the use of Cantonese dialect (Joindong Hua called any South County language), as well as the official language of Mandarin Chinese, and the Chinese use almost exclusively in these dialects.
Difficult to determine the religion followed by the people of the island. Brings together the people of the island in beliefs between the teachings of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism philosophy, it is something commonplace among Chinese. Except Eastern religions, there is the "Hong Kong" about 500,000 Christians, mostly Catholics, in addition to nearly 50,000 Muslims, and some scattered communities of followers of other religions (Hinduism, Judaism, Sikhism).
[Edit] mosques
So there are in Hong Kong four mosques and Islamic associations:
The largest mosque in Cologne or the religion of Islam mosque and can accommodate more than 2,000 worshipers and held by the five daily prayers and raise its ears on a daily basis.
Ammar mosque
Cap Koljugin mosque
Wan Chai Grand Mosque
There are a number of Catholic churches.
[Edit] Arts and Culture
"Hong Kong: Aberdeen Harbour and adjacent to the sidewalk, this is the region of the beloved places for tourists, and is famous for its floating Chinese restaurants."
Overwhelm Chinese culture on the intellectual life of the island, and the most prominent manifestation of this culture, which can be previewed, traditional demonstrations as "Dragon Festival", "Spring Festival" celebrations "Chinese New Year". That due to the presence of other elements (non-Chinese) between the structure of society, it was the latter influence is also on the local culture (similar to the British), and is famous for its "Hong Kong" on global culture.
The "Hong Kong" the reason for the spread of Chinese popular culture in the world, local films and music contributed, as well as books and magazines in this process. Active in the island's many teams that offer performances of Chinese folk arts, and is a Cantonese opera's most popular teams. Reside in the "Hong Kong" Many specialized in the sale of collectibles and artifacts networks.
There was an atmosphere of freedom during the period of British sovereignty, the thing that encouraged the establishment of several independent newspapers and magazines. Today, there are about 50 Chinese-language newspaper published in the island.
[Edit] Economy
"Hong Kong" has become during the period of British administration, Rkaúr of the global capitalist system. After World War II, the island has strengthened its role as a repository of global goods and products as the period known as huge investments in the manufacturing sector. When the results came fast growing economic growth, and has become a "Hong Kong" the leaders of the industry, finance and trade in the world.
Located "Shenzhen" special economic zone (in China) in the vicinity of Hong Kong. Because of the special privileges granted by the Chinese government has poured investment into the free zone in the island became a transit center of Chinese products.
In the year 1995, GDP reached 151.3 billion dollars (33.1 billion in 1985), this represents a quarter of the gross domestic product figure for China. Misfortune 'Hong Kong "rich region, GDP per capita is among the highest in the world (5). Economy is open to the PST (Pacific), which is the first economic zone in the world. Of financial assets in the stock market," Hong Kong "of the shares of $ 304 billion (a Maimthel 6 times what a country like France). all of these factors have convinced the central government in China to leave the hands of her initiative, it was decided to maintain the capitalist system, even after graduating from British sovereignty.
Known as the island's economy -omund 1970 m- very high growth rates .: 10.9% in the years from 1970 to 1980 m; 6.6% year 1980-1994 m. Since 1995, the pace dropped due to the high level of wages and prices as well as Alaijart. The growth rate fell to 4.5%, while the inflation rate was 7.3% and the unemployment rate of 3.5%, the highest since the last ten years.
[Edit] Education
The education system is like in Hong Kong, the British education system. Hong Kong has nine public universities the most famous University of Hong Kong as well as some private universities.
[Edit] Services and Trade
In 1994, workers in the service sector accounted for Al71,9% of the total workforce, while the contribution of this sector exceeded the 81% of GDP. Occupies "Hong Kong" strategically located, is the harbor with "Shanghai" port in China's most important ports in the region. With the beginning of China's economic recovery and prosperity of the free economic zones adjacent to him, he became the port of "Hong Kong" a major role in trade exchanges between the Chinese mainland and the world. Is the tariffs applicable to the lowest in the region. Foreign trade volume exceeds the gross domestic product of the island (138%), in 1995 the volume of total imports of $ 192.2 billion, while exports amounted to 173.3 billion.
Among the goods imported by the "Hong Kong" come of food products in the first list, followed by raw materials, transportation and telecommunications, chemicals and other equipment, while the Ptshehadr Textile Products, Products and Supplies Manufacturer (toys, watches, electronic products) and others. Pacific (Pacific) is the first trading partner (China, Japan, the United States, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and Canada) come in the euro area (Europe) II (Germany, United Kingdom).
"Hong Kong dollars" is the official currency of the island, since 1994. The "Bank of China" an important issue of this currency as that of HSBC Hong and Shanghai Bank currency and bank Hang age Hang sen issued also issued currency all currencies Iilat traded and the same commercial value. Active in the region, many of the missions, agencies and international financial institutions, and is the "SEHK" of the most important financial centers in the world.
Hong Kong include: "Hong Kong Island", "Kowloon", and the new land. Kowloon Peninsula associated with "new lands in the north. Relating to the new lands mainland territory via the" Chan Chun "River (Shenzhen River). The number of islands in Hong Kong's 236 islands, all located in the South China Sea, among these islands are considered" Lantau "The biggest, followed by" Hong Kong Island "and the latter is the first islands in terms of population.
The Hong Kong until 1997 a British crown colony, before restoring China. Under the central government with the slogan 'one country, two systems, two', Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy in governance. Work is still under way for the island's former legal system, supplemented retained local currency and customs system and others. For example, the island's population still continue to drive the car on the left side of the road. The central government in Beijing maintains over responsibility in national defense and diplomatic relations issues.
Contents [hide]
1 history
2 people
3 language and religions
4 mosques
5 Arts and Culture
6 Economy
7 Education
8 services and trade
9 See also
[Edit] History
Although the land known today has been settled since the period Alniulietakih, it was only in isolation from events that China has experienced during these periods.
United Kingdom occupied the "Hong Kong" during "the first Opium War" in 1841, then China has waived its right to the island under the "Agreement Nanjing." After the end of the "Second Opium War" Britain's got more concessions and more land ("Kowloon" and others). The latter since July 1, 1898 to lease many of the land called New Territories adjacent to the site for 99 years.
Empire of Japan invaded in December 8, 1941 Hong Kong, and occupied on December 25, after the defeat of the Canadian and British forces in the Battle of Hong Kong.
After the agreement between the People's Republic of China and the British government signed in December 1984, "Hong Kong has become since July 1, 1997 AD, known as" Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. "
[Edit] population
The estimated number of Hong Kong's population of about 6,800,000 people. Is the population density, which amounts to 6.771 n / km², one of the highest rates in the world. Facing a "Hong Kong" Today is a real problem: the population-enrollment.
Population growth in the last two years Alashrantan level dropped. The percentage of population increase of 2.7% (years 1975 to 1980 m) to 0.5% (year 1990-1995 AD), the fertility rate fell from 2.3 to 1.2 during the same period. Life expectancy is estimated B78.6 years among the highest in the world.
During the period of British sovereignty over the island, was the phenomenon of migration influential role on the demographics, immigrants reached the 40% share of the total population. China has been the primary source of immigrants, while the other came waves of East Asia (Vietnamese refugees) and the Philippines. The local government then set the number of immigrants that can take them B25.000 immigrants per year, but this number is reduced, starting from the year 1995.
As the date of receipt of the island China (1997), left the "Hong Kong" Many of the population (about 43,000 in 1995). To avoid worsening the situation the British authorities to tighten restrictions on citizens, have been reducing the number of allowed to stay on British soil. In 1996, after China and the Declaration of intention to resolve the local Legislative Council (after the retrieval of Hong Kong), more than 130,000 people apply for a British passport.
Chinese constitute about 97% of the population then Alahinod who remained of the soldiers who were serving in the British Army and the Pakistanis, constitute Alfilipnaon (150,000 mostly houses) service, and the British and the Americans and the minority of various other nationalities. More than 90% of Chinese born in Hong Kong, gave most of the rest of Guangdong Province (广东) nearby.
[Edit] language and religions
The official languages in the "Hong Kong" are: English, Chinese ancient classics; use the English language in the judicial and political spheres. Among the Chinese dialects, dominates the use of Cantonese dialect (Joindong Hua called any South County language), as well as the official language of Mandarin Chinese, and the Chinese use almost exclusively in these dialects.
Difficult to determine the religion followed by the people of the island. Brings together the people of the island in beliefs between the teachings of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism philosophy, it is something commonplace among Chinese. Except Eastern religions, there is the "Hong Kong" about 500,000 Christians, mostly Catholics, in addition to nearly 50,000 Muslims, and some scattered communities of followers of other religions (Hinduism, Judaism, Sikhism).
[Edit] mosques
So there are in Hong Kong four mosques and Islamic associations:
The largest mosque in Cologne or the religion of Islam mosque and can accommodate more than 2,000 worshipers and held by the five daily prayers and raise its ears on a daily basis.
Ammar mosque
Cap Koljugin mosque
Wan Chai Grand Mosque
There are a number of Catholic churches.
[Edit] Arts and Culture
"Hong Kong: Aberdeen Harbour and adjacent to the sidewalk, this is the region of the beloved places for tourists, and is famous for its floating Chinese restaurants."
Overwhelm Chinese culture on the intellectual life of the island, and the most prominent manifestation of this culture, which can be previewed, traditional demonstrations as "Dragon Festival", "Spring Festival" celebrations "Chinese New Year". That due to the presence of other elements (non-Chinese) between the structure of society, it was the latter influence is also on the local culture (similar to the British), and is famous for its "Hong Kong" on global culture.
The "Hong Kong" the reason for the spread of Chinese popular culture in the world, local films and music contributed, as well as books and magazines in this process. Active in the island's many teams that offer performances of Chinese folk arts, and is a Cantonese opera's most popular teams. Reside in the "Hong Kong" Many specialized in the sale of collectibles and artifacts networks.
There was an atmosphere of freedom during the period of British sovereignty, the thing that encouraged the establishment of several independent newspapers and magazines. Today, there are about 50 Chinese-language newspaper published in the island.
[Edit] Economy
"Hong Kong" has become during the period of British administration, Rkaúr of the global capitalist system. After World War II, the island has strengthened its role as a repository of global goods and products as the period known as huge investments in the manufacturing sector. When the results came fast growing economic growth, and has become a "Hong Kong" the leaders of the industry, finance and trade in the world.
Located "Shenzhen" special economic zone (in China) in the vicinity of Hong Kong. Because of the special privileges granted by the Chinese government has poured investment into the free zone in the island became a transit center of Chinese products.
In the year 1995, GDP reached 151.3 billion dollars (33.1 billion in 1985), this represents a quarter of the gross domestic product figure for China. Misfortune 'Hong Kong "rich region, GDP per capita is among the highest in the world (5). Economy is open to the PST (Pacific), which is the first economic zone in the world. Of financial assets in the stock market," Hong Kong "of the shares of $ 304 billion (a Maimthel 6 times what a country like France). all of these factors have convinced the central government in China to leave the hands of her initiative, it was decided to maintain the capitalist system, even after graduating from British sovereignty.
Known as the island's economy -omund 1970 m- very high growth rates .: 10.9% in the years from 1970 to 1980 m; 6.6% year 1980-1994 m. Since 1995, the pace dropped due to the high level of wages and prices as well as Alaijart. The growth rate fell to 4.5%, while the inflation rate was 7.3% and the unemployment rate of 3.5%, the highest since the last ten years.
[Edit] Education
The education system is like in Hong Kong, the British education system. Hong Kong has nine public universities the most famous University of Hong Kong as well as some private universities.
[Edit] Services and Trade
In 1994, workers in the service sector accounted for Al71,9% of the total workforce, while the contribution of this sector exceeded the 81% of GDP. Occupies "Hong Kong" strategically located, is the harbor with "Shanghai" port in China's most important ports in the region. With the beginning of China's economic recovery and prosperity of the free economic zones adjacent to him, he became the port of "Hong Kong" a major role in trade exchanges between the Chinese mainland and the world. Is the tariffs applicable to the lowest in the region. Foreign trade volume exceeds the gross domestic product of the island (138%), in 1995 the volume of total imports of $ 192.2 billion, while exports amounted to 173.3 billion.
Among the goods imported by the "Hong Kong" come of food products in the first list, followed by raw materials, transportation and telecommunications, chemicals and other equipment, while the Ptshehadr Textile Products, Products and Supplies Manufacturer (toys, watches, electronic products) and others. Pacific (Pacific) is the first trading partner (China, Japan, the United States, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and Canada) come in the euro area (Europe) II (Germany, United Kingdom).
"Hong Kong dollars" is the official currency of the island, since 1994. The "Bank of China" an important issue of this currency as that of HSBC Hong and Shanghai Bank currency and bank Hang age Hang sen issued also issued currency all currencies Iilat traded and the same commercial value. Active in the region, many of the missions, agencies and international financial institutions, and is the "SEHK" of the most important financial centers in the world.
Paris paradis terrestre
Paris, capital of the French Republic, which is also one of the territories, and the circle is divided into 20 (Arrondissement). Each circle is divided into four sections, in turn, runs the entire city mayor of the municipality, and two of the conservatives with the help of the General Council. Paris is located on the Seine River, the two international airports: (Orelli and Roissy Charles de Gaulle), the famous tunnel that connects France, England under the English Channel, which opened in May 15, 1994, which facilitated travel TGV high-speed trains between the two countries.
Paris is due to name Celtic tribe was the first region of residence and claims Parisian (French Parisii). Paris as the "City of Light" As you know (la Ville Lumière) and because it is in 1828 was the first city in Europe roads are lit kerosene lamps. Paris is a very important river port and is the fourth most important French port (after Marseille and Le Havre and Dunkerque).
Contents [hide]
1 city's history
2 of the history of presidents and mayors of Paris
2.1 mayors of Paris in the modern era
3 Parisians
3.1 Tourism
4 twinning
5 references
[Edit] the city's history
Main article: Siege of Paris (885-886)
Paris in the 19th century
(Holdings Louvre)
City originated in the "deer - de City" is a small island occupies a part of it now and the Ministry of Justice and the Hall of the municipality and the Church of Notre Dame - de Barry, was a small fishing village at the invasion of Caesar, and soon to Otiaa Baris Euerm grown to become an important Roman city, allowed the emperor Julian for Frnkyin illusion of Germanic cross the Rhine River and stability on the borders of Romania Empire tribes, and when the decay and deterioration began in the western part of the Romanian Empire in the fifth century AD incursion Franks in the territory of the empire, and colonized the northern parts of Gaul and arrived to the north of Paris, Romanian city, and it was their kings Chlodio bearded who defeated Romanian armies led Oisius then sentenced after Merovech which attributed to him strain Almirovenjah, became Paris in the fifth century capital of the Kings Almirovengiyn, and in 845 the agar Vikings to Paris, and they besieged between (885-886), also ravaged raids Nordics in ninth century. The announcement by Hugh suppressor Count of Paris, king of France (May 987-24 أكتوبر 996), Paris National Capital became flourished commercial and cultural center in the Middle Ages, and in 1120 was the establishment of the University of Paris, but suffered a lot in the Hundred Years War, occupied England (1420-1436) .
Characterized in all its history, the revolutionary liberal spirit, and appeared this spirit in the civil war led by Latin Marcel (1358), and in resistance to the fourth Henry (1589-1593), in Alfrund I (1648-1649), and the revolutions of 1789 and 1830 and 1848, the German siege (1870 - 1871).
Most modern Paris plans in the nineteenth century, Baron Georges Haussmann, occupied by the Germans (June 1940 - August 25, 1944).
[Edit] from the date of the heads and mayors of the city of Paris
In August 22, 1795: was canceled as mayor of Paris and divided Paris to 11 my independent board (from 185 712 municipal council), has returned as mayor of Paris twice temporarily after that: (from February 24, 1848 - July 19, 1848) and (September 4, 1870 - June 5, 1871), and founded the Paris commune (the famous Commune) during the revolution of the (March 18, 1871 - May 28, 1871), and returned as mayor of Paris after a 106-year break, in the March 25, 1977.
Jean Sylvain Bailly: the first mayor of Paris after the French Revolution in 1789, and has been the mayor of Paris (July 15, 1789 - November 18, 1791).
[Edit] deliberately Paris in the modern era
Jacques Chirac: (March 25, 1977 - May 17, 1995).
Jean Tabreh: (May 22, 1995 - March 18, 2001)
Bertrand Dolanueh: current mayor of Paris from March 18, 2001 until now.
Hundred Years War from 1320 to 1436.
[Edit] Parisians
The evolution of the demographic growth of Paris between 1801 and 1926
1801 1851 1881 1926
547,800 1,053,000 2,240,000 2,871,000
[Edit] Tourism
Paris, the banks of the Seine River *
Site UNESCO World Heritage
Notre Dame Church of the River Seine.
Country France
Cultural type
Iv category, ii, i
Ref 600
** Region of Europe and North America
Date of listing
Date of listing in 1991 (No. 15 session)
* Name as stated in the UNESCO list of inclusion.
** Region, according to the divisions of UNESCO.
Main article: List of Paris landmarks
Paris tourist equipped and highly qualified to receive tourists from different groups and human tastes.
The Eiffel Tower
Louvre
Opera Garnier
Cleopatra's Needle in Paris
Place de la Concorde
[Edit] twinning
Rome, Italy. Since 1956
Casablanca, Morocco. Since 2004
Algiers, Algeria. Since 2003
Amman, Jordan. Since 1987
Athens, Greece. Since 2000
Beijing, People's Republic of China. Since 1997
Beirut, Lebanon. Since 1992
Berlin, Germany. Since 1987
Buenos Aires, Argentina. Since 1999
Cairo, Egypt. Since 1985
Chicago, United States of America. Since 1996
Copenhagen, Aldanimark. Since 2005
Geneva, Switzerland. Since 2002
Jakarta, Indonesia. Since 1995
Kyoto, Japan. Since 1958
Lisbon, Portugal. Since 1998
London, United Kingdom. Since 2001
Madrid, Spain. Since 2000
Mexico City, Mexico. Since 1999
Montreal, Canada. Since 2006
Moscow, Russia. Since 1992
Porto Alegre, Brazil. Since 2001
Prague, Czech Republic. Since 1997
Quebec, Canada. Since 2003
Rabat, Morocco. Since 2004
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Since 1997
St. Petersburg, Russia. Since 1997
Sana'a, Yemen. Since 1987
San Francisco, California, United States of America. Since 1996
Santiago, Chile. Since 1997
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 2004
Seoul, South Korea. Since 1991
Karachi, Pakistan.
Sofia, Bulgaria. Since 1998
Sydney, Australia. Since 1998
Tbilisi, Georgia. Since 1997
Tokyo, Japan. Since 1982
Tunis, Tunisia. Since 2004
Warsaw, Poland. Since 1999
Washington DC, United States. Since 2000
Yerevan, Armenia. Since 1998
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